Was Jesus crucified?

Introduction

[Article under construction]

Christopher Bryan (NT Professor at Sewanee): “Jesus was crucified under Pontius Pilate. That, as a matter of history, is just about as certain as anything in antiquity.” [The Resurrection of the Messiah (Oxford, 2011), 3.]

“Yes, after all…

Early Christians said Jesus was crucified

• …[AD 33] [The 1 Corinthians 15 creed (apostles) says](/jesus/exist/report#1corinthians15-creed) Jesus was crucified.
• …[AD 40-50] [Paul was saying](/jesus/exist/report#pauls-letters) Jesus was crucified.
• …[AD 40-90] [The Gospels say](/jesus/exist/report#mt-mk-lk) Jesus was crucified.¹
• …[AD 70] [Acts of the Apostles says](/jesus/exist/report#acts) Jesus was crucified.²

Mt 27:32-56 (see v. 35, 50), Lk 23:26-46 (see v 33, 46), Jn 19:17-30 (see v. 18, 30).
Acts 2:23; Acts 13:29,

Early non-Christians said Jesus was crucified

• …[AD 55] [Thallus's 3rd volume of his history book says](/jesus/exist/report#thallus) Jesus was crucified.
• …[AD 93] [Josephus's ‘Jewish Antiquities’ 18 says](/jesus/exist/report#antiquities18) Jesus was crucified.
• …[AD 150] [Justin Martyr's ‘Dialogue with Trypho’ says](/jesus/exist/report#justin-martyr) Jesus was crucified.
• …[AD 165] [Lucian's book, ‘The Death of Peregrinus’ says](/jesus/exist/report#lucian) Jesus was crucified.
• …Talmud b. Sanhedrin 43a. “On the eve of the Passover Yeshu [Jesus] was hanged [or crucified]. … Since nothing was brought forward in his favor he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.”